France emerged as the top exporter of electricity in Europe during the first half of 2024, recording a net export of 40.8 terawatt-hours (TWh). This impressive figure marks a substantial 31.2% increase from the previous six months, positioning France as a critical player in the European energy market.
Several factors contributed to this surge in electricity exports. Notably, there was a significant rise in nuclear power output. Coupled with low domestic demand and an excess in hydroelectric production, these elements created a favourable environment for France to export more electricity. The country’s ability to harness these resources effectively allowed it to not only meet its own needs but also to support neighbouring nations.
The primary recipients of French electricity were Britain, which imported 11.7 TWh, followed by Italy (9.4 TWh), Germany (8.8 TWh), and Switzerland (7.4 TWh). These countries benefited substantially from France’s surplus, underscoring the interconnected nature of Europe’s energy infrastructure.
Sweden ranked as the second-largest net exporter in Europe, with 15.3 TWh of electricity sent abroad. The Netherlands moved up to third place, with 8.8 TWh in net exports, while Norway recorded net outflows of 7.4 TWh. This shift in rankings highlights the dynamic landscape of electricity trade within the continent.
Conversely, Italy emerged as the largest net importer, receiving substantial amounts of power from both France and Switzerland. This dependence on imports reflects Italy’s ongoing challenges in meeting its energy demands domestically.
Clement Bouilloux, a senior analyst at Montel Analytics, provided insights into the factors driving France’s increased electricity output. He noted that “Electricity output in France increased in the first half of this year while demand remained stubbornly low, continuing a trend that has been seen since the start of the Covid pandemic.” This persistent low demand, despite increased production, allowed France to export significant amounts of electricity.
Bouilloux further explained that nuclear production saw a 10% rise from the second half of 2023 to the first half of 2024. Additionally, the rainiest spring in a decade led to above-normal levels of hydroelectric production throughout the first half of the year. These factors, combined with energy-saving habits adopted during the winter of 2023 and the lack of a significant economic recovery, resulted in a 10% lower demand compared to the first half of 2021.
This scenario frequently left France with a surplus of power, which it effectively exported to neighbouring countries. The strategic management of its energy resources has not only strengthened France’s position as a key exporter but also provided stability to the European electricity market.
As Europe continues to navigate its energy challenges, France’s role as a leading electricity exporter underscores the importance of efficient energy production and international cooperation. The trends observed in the first half of 2024 may well continue, shaping the future of energy trade and security within the region.
